Xây MCP server đầu tiên

# Create project directory and initialize npm project
mkdir calculator-server
cd calculator-server
npm init -y

# Create project dir
mkdir calculator-server
cd calculator-server
# Open the folder in Visual Studio Code - Skip this if you are using a different IDE
code .

dotnet new console -n McpCalculatorServer
cd McpCalculatorServer

curl https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \
  -d dependencies=web \
  -d javaVersion=21 \
  -d type=maven-project \
  -d groupId=com.example \
  -d artifactId=calculator-server \
  -d name=McpServer \
  -d packageName=com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server \
  -o calculator-server.zip

unzip calculator-server.zip -d calculator-server
cd calculator-server
# optional remove the unused test
rm -rf src/test/java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <!-- Spring Boot parent for dependency management -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.0</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>

    <!-- Project coordinates -->
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>calculator-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Calculator Server</name>
    <description>Basic calculator MCP service for beginners</description>

    <!-- Properties -->
    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <!-- Spring AI BOM for version management -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-ai-bom</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!-- Dependencies -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- Build configuration -->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <release>21</release>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <!-- Repositories for Spring AI snapshots -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </releases>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>

mkdir calculator-server
cd calculator-server
cargo init

# If not already installed, install TypeScript globally
npm install typescript -g

# Install the MCP SDK and Zod for schema validation
npm install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk zod
npm install -D @types/node typescript

# Create a virtual env and install dependencies
python -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
pip install "mcp[cli]"

cd calculator-server
./mvnw clean install -DskipTests

cargo add rmcp --features server,transport-io
cargo add serde
cargo add tokio --features rt-multi-thread

{
  "name": "calculator-server",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "index.js",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsc",
    "start": "npm run build && node ./build/index.js",
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "description": "A simple calculator server using Model Context Protocol",
  "dependencies": {
    "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk": "^1.16.0",
    "zod": "^3.25.76"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^24.0.14",
    "typescript": "^5.8.3"
  }
}

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2022",
    "module": "Node16",
    "moduleResolution": "Node16",
    "outDir": "./build",
    "rootDir": "./src",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules"]
}

mkdir src
touch src/index.ts

touch server.py

dotnet add package ModelContextProtocol --prerelease
dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting

import { McpServer, ResourceTemplate } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/mcp.js";
import { StdioServerTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/stdio.js";
import { z } from "zod";
 
// Create an MCP server
const server = new McpServer({
  name: "Calculator MCP Server",
  version: "1.0.0"
});

# server.py
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create an MCP server
mcp = FastMCP("Demo")

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
using System.ComponentModel;

var builder = Host.CreateApplicationBuilder(args);
builder.Logging.AddConsole(consoleLogOptions =>
{
    // Configure all logs to go to stderr
    consoleLogOptions.LogToStandardErrorThreshold = LogLevel.Trace;
});

builder.Services
    .AddMcpServer()
    .WithStdioServerTransport()
    .WithToolsFromAssembly();
await builder.Build().RunAsync();

// add features

package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server;

import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.method.MethodToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.service.CalculatorService;

@SpringBootApplication
public class McpServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(McpServerApplication.class, args);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public ToolCallbackProvider calculatorTools(CalculatorService calculator) {
        return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder().toolObjects(calculator).build();
    }
}

package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.service;

import org.springframework.ai.tool.annotation.Tool;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Service for basic calculator operations.
 * This service provides simple calculator functionality through MCP.
 */
@Service
public class CalculatorService {

    /**
     * Add two numbers
     * @param a The first number
     * @param b The second number
     * @return The sum of the two numbers
     */
    @Tool(description = "Add two numbers together")
    public String add(double a, double b) {
        double result = a + b;
        return formatResult(a, "+", b, result);
    }

    /**
     * Subtract one number from another
     * @param a The number to subtract from
     * @param b The number to subtract
     * @return The result of the subtraction
     */
    @Tool(description = "Subtract the second number from the first number")
    public String subtract(double a, double b) {
        double result = a - b;
        return formatResult(a, "-", b, result);
    }

    /**
     * Multiply two numbers
     * @param a The first number
     * @param b The second number
     * @return The product of the two numbers
     */
    @Tool(description = "Multiply two numbers together")
    public String multiply(double a, double b) {
        double result = a * b;
        return formatResult(a, "*", b, result);
    }

    /**
     * Divide one number by another
     * @param a The numerator
     * @param b The denominator
     * @return The result of the division
     */
    @Tool(description = "Divide the first number by the second number")
    public String divide(double a, double b) {
        if (b == 0) {
            return "Error: Cannot divide by zero";
        }
        double result = a / b;
        return formatResult(a, "/", b, result);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the power of a number
     * @param base The base number
     * @param exponent The exponent
     * @return The result of raising the base to the exponent
     */
    @Tool(description = "Calculate the power of a number (base raised to an exponent)")
    public String power(double base, double exponent) {
        double result = Math.pow(base, exponent);
        return formatResult(base, "^", exponent, result);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the square root of a number
     * @param number The number to find the square root of
     * @return The square root of the number
     */
    @Tool(description = "Calculate the square root of a number")
    public String squareRoot(double number) {
        if (number < 0) {
            return "Error: Cannot calculate square root of a negative number";
        }
        double result = Math.sqrt(number);
        return String.format("√%.2f = %.2f", number, result);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the modulus (remainder) of division
     * @param a The dividend
     * @param b The divisor
     * @return The remainder of the division
     */
    @Tool(description = "Calculate the remainder when one number is divided by another")
    public String modulus(double a, double b) {
        if (b == 0) {
            return "Error: Cannot divide by zero";
        }
        double result = a % b;
        return formatResult(a, "%", b, result);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the absolute value of a number
     * @param number The number to find the absolute value of
     * @return The absolute value of the number
     */
    @Tool(description = "Calculate the absolute value of a number")
    public String absolute(double number) {
        double result = Math.abs(number);
        return String.format("|%.2f| = %.2f", number, result);
    }

    /**
     * Get help about available calculator operations
     * @return Information about available operations
     */
    @Tool(description = "Get help about available calculator operations")
    public String help() {
        return "Basic Calculator MCP Service\n\n" +
               "Available operations:\n" +
               "1. add(a, b) - Adds two numbers\n" +
               "2. subtract(a, b) - Subtracts the second number from the first\n" +
               "3. multiply(a, b) - Multiplies two numbers\n" +
               "4. divide(a, b) - Divides the first number by the second\n" +
               "5. power(base, exponent) - Raises a number to a power\n" +
               "6. squareRoot(number) - Calculates the square root\n" + 
               "7. modulus(a, b) - Calculates the remainder of division\n" +
               "8. absolute(number) - Calculates the absolute value\n\n" +
               "Example usage: add(5, 3) will return 5 + 3 = 8";
    }

    /**
     * Format the result of a calculation
     */
    private String formatResult(double a, String operator, double b, double result) {
        return String.format("%.2f %s %.2f = %.2f", a, operator, b, result);
    }
}

package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.config;

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class StartupConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public CommandLineRunner startupInfo() {
        return args -> {
            System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(60));
            System.out.println("Calculator MCP Server is starting...");
            System.out.println("SSE endpoint: http://localhost:8080/sse");
            System.out.println("Health check: http://localhost:8080/actuator/health");
            System.out.println("=".repeat(60) + "\n");
        };
    }
}

package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.controller;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
public class HealthController {
    
    @GetMapping("/health")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> healthCheck() {
        Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
        response.put("status", "UP");
        response.put("timestamp", LocalDateTime.now().toString());
        response.put("service", "Calculator MCP Server");
        return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
    }
}

package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.exception;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleIllegalArgumentException(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse(
            "Invalid_Input", 
            "Invalid input parameter: " + ex.getMessage());
        return new ResponseEntity<>(error, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
    }

    public static class ErrorResponse {
        private String code;
        private String message;

        public ErrorResponse(String code, String message) {
            this.code = code;
            this.message = message;
        }

        // Getters
        public String getCode() { return code; }
        public String getMessage() { return message; }
    }
}

_____      _            _       _             
 / ____|    | |          | |     | |            
| |     __ _| | ___ _   _| | __ _| |_ ___  _ __ 
| |    / _` | |/ __| | | | |/ _` | __/ _ \| '__|
| |___| (_| | | (__| |_| | | (_| | || (_) | |   
 \_____\__,_|_|\___|\__,_|_|\__,_|\__\___/|_|   
                                                
Calculator MCP Server v1.0
Spring Boot MCP Application

use rmcp::{
    handler::server::{router::tool::ToolRouter, tool::Parameters},
    model::{ServerCapabilities, ServerInfo},
    schemars, tool, tool_handler, tool_router,
    transport::stdio,
    ServerHandler, ServiceExt,
};
use std::error::Error;

#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize, schemars::JsonSchema)]
pub struct CalculatorRequest {
    pub a: f64,
    pub b: f64,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Calculator {
    tool_router: ToolRouter<Self>,
}

#[tool_router]
impl Calculator {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            tool_router: Self::tool_router(),
        }
    }
}

#[tool_handler]
impl ServerHandler for Calculator {
    fn get_info(&self) -> ServerInfo {
        ServerInfo {
            instructions: Some("A simple calculator tool".into()),
            capabilities: ServerCapabilities::builder().enable_tools().build(),
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let service = Calculator::new().serve(stdio()).await?;
    service.waiting().await?;
    Ok(())
}

server.tool(
  "add",
  { a: z.number(), b: z.number() },
  async ({ a, b }) => ({
    content: [{ type: "text", text: String(a + b) }]
  })
);

server.resource(
  "greeting",
  new ResourceTemplate("greeting://{name}", { list: undefined }),
  async (uri, { name }) => ({
    contents: [{
      uri: uri.href,
      text: `Hello, ${name}!`
    }]
  })
);

{
  contents: [{
    type: "text", content: "some content"
  }]
}

{
  uri: "<href>",
  text: "a text"
}

# Add an addition tool
@mcp.tool()
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    """Add two numbers"""
    return a + b


# Add a dynamic greeting resource
@mcp.resource("greeting://{name}")
def get_greeting(name: str) -> str:
    """Get a personalized greeting"""
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

[McpServerToolType]
public static class CalculatorTool
{
    [McpServerTool, Description("Adds two numbers")]
    public static string Add(int a, int b) => $"Sum {a + b}";
}

#[tool(description = "Adds a and b")]
async fn add(
    &self,
    Parameters(CalculatorRequest { a, b }): Parameters<CalculatorRequest>,
) -> String {
    (a + b).to_string()
}

// Start receiving messages on stdin and sending messages on stdout
const transport = new StdioServerTransport();
await server.connect(transport);

// index.ts
import { McpServer, ResourceTemplate } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/mcp.js";
import { StdioServerTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/stdio.js";
import { z } from "zod";

// Create an MCP server
const server = new McpServer({
  name: "Calculator MCP Server",
  version: "1.0.0"
});

// Add an addition tool
server.tool(
  "add",
  { a: z.number(), b: z.number() },
  async ({ a, b }) => ({
    content: [{ type: "text", text: String(a + b) }]
  })
);

// Add a dynamic greeting resource
server.resource(
  "greeting",
  new ResourceTemplate("greeting://{name}", { list: undefined }),
  async (uri, { name }) => ({
    contents: [{
      uri: uri.href,
      text: `Hello, ${name}!`
    }]
  })
);

// Start receiving messages on stdin and sending messages on stdout
const transport = new StdioServerTransport();
server.connect(transport);

# server.py
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Create an MCP server
mcp = FastMCP("Demo")


# Add an addition tool
@mcp.tool()
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    """Add two numbers"""
    return a + b


# Add a dynamic greeting resource
@mcp.resource("greeting://{name}")
def get_greeting(name: str) -> str:
    """Get a personalized greeting"""
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

# Main execution block - this is required to run the server
if __name__ == "__main__":
    mcp.run()

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
using System.ComponentModel;

var builder = Host.CreateApplicationBuilder(args);
builder.Logging.AddConsole(consoleLogOptions =>
{
    // Configure all logs to go to stderr
    consoleLogOptions.LogToStandardErrorThreshold = LogLevel.Trace;
});

builder.Services
    .AddMcpServer()
    .WithStdioServerTransport()
    .WithToolsFromAssembly();
await builder.Build().RunAsync();

[McpServerToolType]
public static class CalculatorTool
{
    [McpServerTool, Description("Adds two numbers")]
    public static string Add(int a, int b) => $"Sum {a + b}";
}

// McpServerApplication.java
package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server;

import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.method.MethodToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.service.CalculatorService;

@SpringBootApplication
public class McpServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(McpServerApplication.class, args);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public ToolCallbackProvider calculatorTools(CalculatorService calculator) {
        return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder().toolObjects(calculator).build();
    }
}

use rmcp::{
    ServerHandler, ServiceExt,
    handler::server::{router::tool::ToolRouter, tool::Parameters},
    model::{ServerCapabilities, ServerInfo},
    schemars, tool, tool_handler, tool_router,
    transport::stdio,
};
use std::error::Error;

#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize, schemars::JsonSchema)]
pub struct CalculatorRequest {
    pub a: f64,
    pub b: f64,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Calculator {
    tool_router: ToolRouter<Self>,
}

#[tool_router]
impl Calculator {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            tool_router: Self::tool_router(),
        }
    }
    
    #[tool(description = "Adds a and b")]
    async fn add(
        &self,
        Parameters(CalculatorRequest { a, b }): Parameters<CalculatorRequest>,
    ) -> String {
        (a + b).to_string()
    }
}

#[tool_handler]
impl ServerHandler for Calculator {
    fn get_info(&self) -> ServerInfo {
        ServerInfo {
            instructions: Some("A simple calculator tool".into()),
            capabilities: ServerCapabilities::builder().enable_tools().build(),
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let service = Calculator::new().serve(stdio()).await?;
    service.waiting().await?;
    Ok(())
}

npm run build

mcp run server.py

cd McpCalculatorServer
dotnet run

./mvnw clean install -DskipTests
java -jar target/calculator-server-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

cargo fmt
cargo run

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector node build/index.js

mcp dev server.py

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector mcp run server.py

cd McpCalculatorServer
npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector dotnet run

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector cargo run --cli --method tools/call --tool-name add --tool-arg a=1 b=2